Bungaroosh
Bungaroosh (also spelt bungeroosh and other variations[1][2]) is a composite building material used almost exclusively in the English seaside resort of Brighton, the neighbouring town of Hove and in the coastal Sussex area. The etymology of the word is unknown.[2] Its use dates from the start of the Regency period at the end of the 18th century, and into the 19th when Brighton grew from a fishing village into a large town.[3] Bungaroosh is often found in buildings of that era in the town and in its near neighbours Worthing and Lewes[4] but is little known elsewhere except London.[3] It was a building material first introduced by the Romans and has characteristics of that era.[3][4] It can incorporate any of a wide variety of substances and materials and is used most often in external walls.[1][5]
The manufacture of bungaroosh involved placing miscellaneous materials, such as whole or broken bricks, cobblestones, flints (commonly found on the South Downs around Brighton), small pebbles, sand and pieces of wood into hydraulic lime and then by shovelling it between shuttering until it has set.[2][5] Other structural fittings, such as brick piers or wooden lintels, could then be added if more support was needed.[2] This was particularly common in Brighton where bungaroosh walls were often built behind the stuccoed façades of Regency-style houses.[2][5] Another technique was to wait for the mixture to set, then render it with a lime-based mixture and paint it. This produced a consistent, regular surface which could be used to build the symmetrical façades required in Georgian architecture, a popular style in Lewes.[4] The material is particularly prevalent in the early 19th-century squares, crescents and terraces of Brighton's seafront, such as Regency Square, Royal Crescent and the Kemp Town estate.[4]
See also
- Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove
- Core-and-veneer
References
Notes
- ^ a b Collis 2010, p. 11.
- ^ a b c d e Fraser, Rob (March 1991). "Bungaroosh (Bungarouche, Bunglarouge?)". Context (29). Tunbridge Wells: Institute of Historic Building Conservation (IHBC): 7. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^ a b c Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d "Lewes Conservation Area Character Appraisal" (PDF). Lewes District Council. April 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ^ a b c Antram & Morrice 2008, p. 7.
Bibliography
- Antram, Nicholas; Morrice, Richard (2008). Brighton and Hove. Pevsner Architectural Guides. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12661-7.
- Collis, Rose (2010). The New Encyclopaedia of Brighton. (based on the original by Tim Carder) (1st ed.). Brighton: Brighton & Hove Libraries. ISBN 978-0-9564664-0-2.
Other resources
- "Living with … bungaroush" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2013. (1.4 MB) (from The Regency Society)
- "Flint and bungaroush". Building crafts & skills. The Regency Town House. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- v
- t
- e
- Conservation areas
- Listed buildings: Grade I
- Grade II*
- Grade II: A–B
- C–D
- E–H
- I–L
- M
- N–O
- P–R
- S
- T–V
- W–Z
![Royal Pavilion](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Brighton_Royal_Pavilion.jpg/90px-Brighton_Royal_Pavilion.jpg)
![Regency Square (north side)](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/26%E2%80%9337_Regency_Square%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_481129%29.jpg/90px-26%E2%80%9337_Regency_Square%2C_Brighton_%28IoE_Code_481129%29.jpg)
![Hove Club](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hove_Club%2C_28_Fourth_Street%2C_Hove_%28IoE_Code_365527%29.jpg/90px-Hove_Club%2C_28_Fourth_Street%2C_Hove_%28IoE_Code_365527%29.jpg)
![Van Alen Building](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Van_Alen_Building%2C_Marine_Parade%2C_Brighton.jpg/90px-Van_Alen_Building%2C_Marine_Parade%2C_Brighton.jpg)
![An ammonite capital](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ammonite_Capital_at_Montpelier_Crescent%2C_Brighton.jpg/90px-Ammonite_Capital_at_Montpelier_Crescent%2C_Brighton.jpg)
- List of places of worship (see list for links to individual articles)
- List of demolished places of worship
and mansions
- Adelaide Mansions
- Chartwell Court
- Courtenay Gate
- Embassy Court
- Fife House
- French Convalescent Home
- Grand Ocean, Saltdean
- Gwydyr Mansions
- 75 Holland Road
- Marine Gate
- Marlborough House
- Moulsecoomb Place
- New England Quarter
- Ovingdean Grange
- Ovingdean Rectory
- Patcham Place
- Pelham Institute
- Percy and Wagner Almshouses
- Portslade Manor (ruined)
- Preston Manor
- Regency Town House
- Southdown House
- Stanmer House
- Sussex Heights
- Tower House
- Van Alen Building
- Western Pavilion
squares and
terraces
- Adelaide Crescent
- Arundel Terrace
- Bedford Square
- Belgrave Place
- Bloomsbury Place
- Brunswick Town
- Eastern Terrace
- Hanover Crescent
- Kemp Town
- Lansdowne Square
- Marine Square
- Montpelier Crescent
- New Steine
- Norfolk Square
- Norfolk Terrace
- Old Steine
- Oriental Place
- Palmeira Square
- Park Crescent
- Pelham Square
- Powis Square
- Regency Square
- Roundhill Crescent
- Royal Crescent
- Russell Square
- Vernon Terrace
- Wykeham Terrace
buildings
civic buildings
- BHASVIC
- Brighton General Hospital
- Brighton Law Courts
- Brighton Town Hall
- Hove Library
- Hove Town Hall
- Hove Trial Centre
- Jubilee Library
- Kings House
- Ovingdean Hall School
- Police Convalescent Seaside Home (former)
- Preston Barracks
- Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital
- Royal Sussex County Hospital
- The Keep
- The Montefiore Hospital
- University of Brighton
- University of Sussex
- Varndean College
- Schools: List of former board schools
- Blatchington Mill School
- Brighton Aldridge Community Academy
- Brighton and Hove High School
- Brighton College
- Brighton College Preparatory School
- Cardinal Newman RC School
- Deepdene School
- Dorothy Stringer School
- Hove Park School
- King's School
- Longhill High School
- Ovingdean Hall School
- Patcham High School
- Portslade Aldridge Community Academy
- Roedean School
- St Aubyns School
- Varndean School
- Hotels: Bedford
- Clarence
- Grand (1984 bombing)
- Metropole
- Norfolk
- Old Ship
- Royal Albion
- Royal York
- Inns and pubs: The Cricketers
- Freemasons Tavern
- Hangleton Manor Inn
- King and Queen
- Prince Albert
- Royal Pavilion Tavern
and leisure
- The Arch
- Blind Tiger Club (former)
- Brighton Aquarium (Sea Life Brighton)
- Brighton Centre
- Brighton Marina
- Brighton Wheel (removed)
- Falmer Stadium
- King Alfred Centre
- Medina House (demolished)
- Pryzm
- Revenge
- Royal Pavilion
- Saltdean Lido
- Withdean Stadium
- Museums: Booth Museum
- Brighton Fishing Museum
- Brighton Museum and Art Gallery
- Brighton Toy and Model Museum
- British Engineerium
- Hove Museum and Art Gallery
- Cinemas and theatres: ABC Cinema (former)
- Astoria (demolished)
- Attenborough Centre for the Creative Arts
- Brighton Dome and Studio (Pavilion) Theatre
- Brighton Hippodrome (former)
- Duke of York's Picture House
- Komedia
- Marlborough Pub and Theatre
- Old Market
- Open Air Theatre
- Regent Cinema (demolished)
- Theatre Royal
- Brighton Palace Pier
- Royal Suspension Chain Pier (demolished)
- West Pier
- Anthaeum (demolished)
- Barford Court
- Chattri
- Church Street Drill Hall (former)
- Clock Tower
- 11 Dyke Road
- Foredown Tower
- Hove War Memorial
- i360
- Madeira Terrace
- North Gate of the Royal Pavilion
- Patcham Pylons
- Peace Statue
- Pepper Pot
- Ralli Hall
- St Dunstan's
- Sassoon Mausoleum
- Statue of Queen Victoria, Hove
- Steine House (YMCA)
- Waste House
- Whitehawk Hill transmitting station
- Charles Busby
- Clayton & Black
- John Leopold Denman
- Thomas Lainson
- John Nash
- Gilbert Murray Simpson
- Thomas Simpson
- Basil Spence
- Amon Henry Wilds
- Amon Wilds